מי חימם את הארכיונים? LLMs מוציאים מידה חמימות היסטורית

תקציר מקורי באנגליתarXiv:2609.37499v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Historical archives are an under-used source for extending the instrumental climate record backward in time, and LLMs offer a way to extract the indices climatologists derive by hand. Beyond measuring how well systems extract this signal, we check whether their errors are safe to use for cross-century comparison, since a good correlation score does not rule out systematic, era-linked bias. Comparing lexical baselines, fine-tuned historical transformers, and LLM prompting on the Pfister temperature index across five centuries of German text, lexical methods beat every fine-tuned transformer we test, including one pretrained from scratch on historical German (r=-0.016). All six LLMs we test (Gemini 2.5 Flash, GPT-5-mini, DeepSeek v4 Flash, Clau